If you have tuition for 2020 and 2021, then you need to prepare returns for those years to claim it. If you had no Canadian income for those years, then the tuition will carry forward since you can't use it.
You can report income you earned in 2022 from outside Canada on the foreign slip if you are considered a resident.
If you and your partner are common-law, then yes, you will need to enter his income. If you don't know what it is, you can enter zero, and say no to the Spousal Amount.