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No, you do not need to file income tax in the US as you are not a green card holder, US citizen, or resident for tax purposes. As a Canadian resident, you need to report that as foreign income earned in the United States. This is accomplished by providing a form, called a W-8BEN, to the income provider which you sign and in which you promise to declare the U.S. income on your Canadian tax return.
The tax treaty between Canada and the United States is to prevent double taxation of Canadian taxpayers.
Find out more about: Using the United States-Canada Income Tax Treaty to Reduce Double Taxation
